Origin
Dorsal surface of the inferior angle of the scapula.
Insertion
The medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
Nerves
Lower subscapular nerve (C5–C7).
Blood supply
Thoracodorsal branch of the subscapular artery and posterior circumflex humeral artery.
The teres major muscle is a small thick muscle that runs along the lateral border of the scapula.
Its main function is to facilitate shoulder movement by pulling the humerus posteriorly (extension) and rotating it medial towards the trunk (internal rotation). Additionally, it contributes to stabilizing the shoulder joint.
The latissimus dorsi muscle wraps around the lower border of the teres major, while the tendon of the teres major lies posterior to the tendon of the latissimus dorsi. This anatomical relationship make the teres major act as ‘lat’s little helper’ due to its synergistic action with the latissimus dorsi in producing similar movements of the humerus.
Despite its proximity to the rotator cuff muscles, the teres major differs in both function and attachment. Unlike the teres minor, the teres major does not attach to the capsule of the glenohumeral joint and is therefore not regarded as part of the rotator cuff group.
However, it aids in shoulder stability by assisting in the controlled positioning of the humeral head within the glenoid cavity during upper limb activities.
The teres major is essential for various functional movements of the shoulder and upper arm, playing a crucial role in both everyday actions and athletic activities that involve pulling or rotating the arm.
The teres major muscle is primarily responsible for movements of the humerus and plays an essential role in shoulder stability.
Below is a comprehensive overview of its main functions:
The Core Structure & Function
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