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Functional
Anatomy
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THE SPINE

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THE NECK MUSCLES

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PART 2

FLIP CARDS

Use these flip cards as a tool to test your understanding and reinforce what you’ve learned.
Happy studying!

Which muscles form the superficial layer of the posterior neck?

Answer

Trapezius, Splenius Capitis, and Splenius Cervicis.

Which muscles form the deep layer of the posterior neck?

Answer

Semispinalis Capitis and Semispinalis Cervicis.

Which muscles form the deepest layer of the posterior neck?

Answer

The suboccipital muscles: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major, Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Obliquus Capitis Superior, and Obliquus Capitis Inferior.

What are the primary muscles of the lateral neck?

Answer

The scalene muscles (anterior, middle, and posterior).

What are the functions of the anterior scalene muscle?

Answer

Neck flexion (bilateral), ipsilateral lateral flexion, contralateral rotation, and elevating the first rib during forced inspiration.

What is the largest and longest scalene muscle, and what is its function?

Answer

The middle scalene muscle. It contributes to lateral flexion of the neck and elevates the first rib during respiration.

Where does the posterior scalene insert, and what is its function?

Answer

It inserts into the second rib and assists with lateral flexion of the neck and rib stabilization during forced inspiration.

What are the primary functions of the posterior neck muscles?

Answer

Head and neck movement, stability, posture, and neurovascular protection.

What is the role of the trapezius in neck movement?

Answer

It assists in neck extension and lateral flexion and plays a role in shoulder girdle movement.

What are the two splenius muscles, and what do they do?

Answer

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis; they assist in head and neck extension and rotation.

What is the main function of the suboccipital muscles?

Answer

Fine control of head movement, including extension, rotation, and postural stability.

How do the suboccipital muscles contribute to vision and balance?

Answer

They coordinate head movements with input from the vestibular and visual systems to maintain equilibrium.

How do the scalene muscles contribute to postural alignment?

Answer

They help counterbalance the weight of the head and maintain cervical spine stability during movement and static posture.

How do the scalene muscles assist individuals with respiratory disorders?

Answer

They support thoracic expansion, compensating for weak diaphragm function in conditions like COPD and asthma.

How do the scalene muscles stabilize the cervical spine?

Answer

They work with the deep cervical flexors, trapezius, and levator scapulae to maintain proper cervical spine positioning.

Why are the suboccipital muscles essential for coordination between vision and balance?

Answer

They adjust head position in response to visual and vestibular inputs, helping maintain equilibrium.

What happens when the suboccipital muscles are overused or tight?

Answer

They can cause tension headaches and restrict cervical mobility.
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The Spine & Neck – Back Muscles Lectures – Part 2

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The Core Structure & Function
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The Core Structure & Function
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KPM STUDENT HANDBOOK

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